How long does ethylene oxide stay in the air and how does it leave? What is an acceptable/safe level of ethylene oxide? 0000510695 00000 n Ethylene oxide (EO, ETO) sterilization is one of the most common methods of sterilization used for most medical devices. succeed. - Definition and Applications, Dry Heat Sterilization: Definition, Process & Validation, What is an Autoclave? Gas concentration, sterilization temperature, chamber humidity, and exposure time affect EtO sterilization. At higher temperatures, especially above 50 degrees Fahrenheit, and stronger winds, we would expect ethylene oxide to transport farther away from the emission source more effectively. This is a process whereby a hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkyl group. Table 4.7. Like all air pollutants, ethylene oxide (EtO) disperses in the air, with the speed of dispersal depending on the strength of winds. It can be used for breathing, as in the case of air, or for cooking as we do with methane. 0000002615 00000 n However, it is estimated that around 0.3 units of carbon dioxide are produced for every unit of ethylene oxide [108]. Ethylene is the raw material used in the manufacture of polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) as well as fibres and other organic chemicals. It is also a necessary ingredient for some highly durable fabrics and textiles used in clothing, carpet, upholstery, and pillows. After an EO process is complete, employees must take appropriate precautions to avoid exposure to EO gas, e.g., use of respirators when working in the vicinity of product that has not been fully aerated to dissipate the gas. 102 0 obj <> endobj Already registered? 141 0 obj <>stream Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal Gas is found in the atmosphere above us and in the ground below us. EtO reacts in the air to form formic acid, which is a naturally occurring chemical. It is soluble in water to 10°C, and it forms polyglycols in the presence of bases. All these things are made possible by using products created from ethylene oxide. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Are there alternatives to ethylene oxide? study A small but important use of ethylene oxide is the sterilization of medical equipment, including the sterilization of personal protective equipment used by doctors and hospitals across the country. These parts include the engine and its wheels. Ethylene oxide is used as a fumigant for spices, seasonings, and foodstuffs and as an agricultural fungicide. Finally, the manufacturer of EO sterilized product is responsible for following international standards to ensure that product is allowed to aerate in order to get EO residual levels below permissible limits for distribution (ISO 10993-7; see Table III.1.2.1). EtO brings serious risks of chemical burns to body tissues if a device, such as a plastic or rubber face mask, sterilized in EtO is not aerated (aeration cycle) after the sterilization cycle to allow the EtO absorbed during the cycle to elute from the mask, is placed in contact with the patient (Dyro and Tai, 1976). 0000005929 00000 n xref Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. It was initially used in the agricultural context to prevent Japanese beetle dispersion1. As per the stoichiometry of the process, CO2 is produced at a ratio of 6 to 2 (ethylene oxide to CO2). Chlorhexidine, Iodine & Silver: Uses and Modes of Action, Quiz & Worksheet - Properties & Uses of Ethylene Oxide, Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Antiseptics, Disinfectants & Sterilization, Autoclaves and Moist Heat Sterilization: Use With Surgical Tools, Sterilization by Irradiation: Method & Types, Sterilization by Filtration: Advantages & Disadvantages, What Is Pasteurization? It can even be used for the purposes of sterilization, or the killing off of all living microbes on inanimate objects, as you'll discover in this lesson. The medical device is prepared and exposed to EtO in a sealed chamber, which may be up to 100% EtO at sub-atmospheric pressures (Dorman-Smith, 1997). Has the EPA done studies or are they aware of additional studies pertaining to which plants degrade to ethylene oxide and whether the emissions from these plants is in fact negligible? This lesson will discuss how a type of gas, called ethylene oxide, can sterilize equipment. Ethylene oxide gas is toxic, carcinogenic, and very explosive. Some of the limitations related to EO may also relate to polymers’, Lúcio Flávio de Magalhães Brito, Douglas Magagna, in, Steven M. Kurtz PhD, Matthew Zagorski MS, CPP, in, UHMWPE Biomaterials Handbook (Third Edition), Sterilisation and cleaning of metallic biomaterials, Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, Sterilization of joint replacement materials, Sittig's Handbook of Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals (Second Edition), Plastics in Medical Devices for Cardiovascular Applications, Good. 0000054968 00000 n This is a type of flammable and explosive gas that is used for the sterilization of medical equipment and devices. This means that in the 2014 NATA, more areas show elevated risks driven by ethylene oxide than in the 2011 NATA. Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Describe ethylene oxide's ability to sterilize equipment, Compare ethylene oxide sterilization with autoclave sterilization, Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using ethylene oxide as a sterilant. Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a gas at room temperature. What is ethylene oxide and what are its uses? A drug applied through a plastic such as Taxol based-formulations cannot withstand high temperature and high humidity EO cycles. 0000011371 00000 n A typical cycle of ETO sterilization is carried out between a temperature of 30°C and 60°C, a relative humidity of greater than 30%, and a gas concentration between 200 and 800 mg/L [67,69]. h�bbbd`b``�� �4& Study.com has thousands of articles about every United States Environmental Protection Agency. Other derivatives made from ethylene oxide are used as ingredients for household and industrial cleaners, personal care items such as cosmetics and shampoos, heat transfer liquids, polyurethanes, plasticizers, ointments, and pharmaceutical preparations. Like a cube of ice, a piece of heat-sensitive plastic would simply melt in the high temperature the autoclave produces. Highly toxic and reactive, EtO forms irreversible chemical bonds with bacteria, spores, and viruses, which disrupts critical homeostasis functions. Even though ethylene oxide is a substance used to ultimately manufacture consumer products, it is not measurably present in the final product. Actively registered in the U.S. Ajay D. Padsalgikar, in Plastics in Medical Devices for Cardiovascular Applications, 2017. However, as with methane gas or even oxygen, it's not without its pitfalls, namely, the ability of this particular gas to explode if not used properly. There are several reasons for this. Its uses are many. U.S. EPA expects to complete the risk assessment in early Spring. They work together across the industry, sharing best practices for safely producing, shipping, and handling ethylene oxide. Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. People cannot smell ethylene oxide when it is in the air at concentrations U.S. EPA monitors have detected. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads.
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