Canola, rapeseed, mustard, alfalfa, lamb's quarters and related plants are preferred host plants. Use high water volumes in crops with dense canopies, such as canola. The larvae have five stages or instars and usually hide in debris on the soil surface in the middle of the day. Bertha armyworm eggs are laid in single-layered clusters of about 50 to 500 eggs on the lower surface of the host plant leaves. Figure 6. Effective, low-impact insecticides include halofenozide (small caterpillars only) and spinosad. Pupae are reddish brown, about 0.5 to 1.8 cm in size and tapered with flexible, terminal abdominal segments. These maps are available on the. Army cutworm larva. Larvae take approximately six weeks to complete their development, depending on temperature. Seed pods may be "debarked," but more commonly, the larvae chew holes in the pods and eat the seeds. Army cutworm larvae (Figure 8) are 1½ to 2 inches long when mature. As larvae consume available food sources, they migrate as an army to new host plants. Larvae consume increasing amounts of vegetation as they grow. The greatest effect on bertha armyworm is found a year or two after the peak of an outbreak, which is probably why severe infestations only last two or three years. Click for a hub of Extension resources related to the current COVID-19 situation. The moth has a wing span of about 4 cm and is active only at night. The fall armyworm has four life stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. It’s extremely generously distributed across the United States, especially east of the Rocky Mountains with an expansive schedule of activity throughout the year. The adult army cutworm (Figure 7) has a wingspan of 1½ to 1¾ inches. Infestations may be localized or spread over millions of acres. Army worms do their dirty work at night and retreat to rest when the sun rises. The fall armyworm is the insect that causes the most problems in golf courses and home landscapes. Adults are gray, mottled moths (1-1/2 inch wingspan) with a small white dot in the center of each forewing and dark margins on the hind wings. The larvae should be at least 1.3 cm long. The forewing is predominantly grey and flecked with patches of black, brown, olive and white scales. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development. Under drought conditions, the economic threshold may be a lower number of larvae per foot of row. Refer to Chapter 3 of the Canola Council of Canada's Canola Grower's Manual for descriptions of canola crop staging. Larvae are found under rocks and dirt clods or in the upper 3 to 4 inches of soil. Once the flax bolls are full-size and start to ripen, larvae usually feed on the calyx below the boll. The use of insecticides can be an effective method for the management of economic populations of army cutworm. In Canada, two parasitoids are effective native parasites of bertha armyworm: Banchus flavescens lays its eggs in the first to third larval instars and kills mature larvae after they enter the soil to pupate. Moths feed on the nectar of alpine flowers, and aggregate in large numbers under soil lumps, rocks and stumps during the day. Adults emerge from the soil in late June. Effective control of weeds such as lamb's quarters and wild mustard can reduce bertha armyworm infestations in flax, peas, lentils and sugar beets. The adult army worm is a nocturnal moth active during humid, warm summer evenings. Initial field scouting for armyworms should be done in field margins, low areas with vigorous, thick grass, and areas where plants have lodged. Larvae hatch from the eggs and when full-crown larvae are green, brown, or black and about 1 to 1.5 in. (J. Berger). The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a species in the order Lepidoptera and is the larval life stage of a fall armyworm moth.The term "armyworm" can refer to several species, often describing the large-scale invasive behavior of the species' larval stage. The damage caused by Army Worms is most obvious by the speed at which damage occurs, as the caterpillars form very large numbers and behave like a colony to eat away at the green leaf of lawns.

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