In 2017, U.S. transportation sector GHG emissions surpassed all other individual sectors, accounting for 29% of the country's total GHG emissions. In all simulations, O3 decreases are largest in the southeastern United States. Al. He is a former medical director and assistant secretary for health care at the Washington State Department of Corrections. While a doctor treats people who are sick, those of us working in public health try to prevent people from getting sick or injured in the first place. (2009) for PM2.5 exposure. This is especially true for urban cores, where the chemical regime (i.e., NOx‐ vs. VOC‐limited) and population density may differ substantially over a few tens of kilometers, all of which would be averaged over a single ~50 km grid cell in this analysis. We add to this understanding by elucidating co‐benefits and trade‐offs on a state‐by‐state basis and by altering the EV replacement proportion to demonstrate the impact on the magnitude and distribution of climate and health outcomes. (2019) found heterogeneous seasonal pollutant changes (not shown). There are very few other expenditures in health care that yield costs savings, he believes. Marc Stern, M.D., M.P.H., understands why there might be resistance to treating people for healthcare problems in jails and prisons. Some northeastern states (e.g., New York and Pennsylvania) consistently experience PM2.5‐related benefits even under combustion‐only charging scenarios due to significant reductions in urban traffic PM2.5 emissions and precursors and fewer coal‐fired power plants in their grid mix. Rapid increase in non-vaccine serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales, 2000-17: a prospective national observational cohort study. We transfer emissions from tailpipe to power generation plant, simulate interactions of atmospheric chemistry and meteorology using the GFDL‐AM4 chemistry climate model, and assess health consequences and uncertainties using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Benefits Mapping Analysis Program Community Edition (BenMAP‐CE). At the aggregate national level for PM2.5, the Laden et al. Under the e75‐rC scenario, however, all but one state (FL) sees reduced premature mortality (Figure 3k). In aggregate, annual average decreases in national ambient concentrations of O3 and PM2.5 are simulated under all EV adoption‐energy generation scenarios (Figure 1). Lancet Infect Dis. Regardless of the EV adoption scenario considered, we find that the United States would achieve aggregate national CO2 mitigation and mortality reduction benefits (Figure 2a). We use the U.S. EPA Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program‐Community Edition v1.5 (BenMAP‐CE; U.S. EPA, Air pollutant changes. The disproportionate influence of the energy mix composition on PM2.5 has implications for disparate regional health outcomes of vehicle electrification, which we explore further in section 3.2. Seasonal O3 changes were muted in magnitude, with the exception of the summer when simulated changes were an order of magnitude greater than those simulated in the spring, autumn, and winter. [4] UK measles and rubella elimination strategy 2019 (PHE, 2019), [5] Parikh et al. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. 1) Public transit users are more active. Number of NHS vaccinations against infectious diseases, Number of vaccinations against infectious diseases offered routinely or to people most at risk. Biogenic SOA is emitted as a 5% yield of isoprene and monoterpene emissions, and anthropogenic SOA is formed by a 5% yield of the oxidation of the lumped n‐butane species by OH. However, to elucidate uncertainties in HIFs, for example, differences in mathematical formulation, demographics considered, and temporal exposure (Table S1), we provide national, regional, and state‐level comparisons between all HIFs for both O3 and PM2.5 exposure (Table 3, Figure 4, Tables S3–S5). EV scenarios with combustion‐only energy generation still yield O3 health benefits in most states (Figures 3a and 3d). HIF estimates are generally about half the magnitude of the other two O3 exposure functions. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. We find that even if the efficiency of the assumed EV was decreased by 30% (i.e., increasing the electricity demand by 30%), CO2 reductions are still widely apparent—ranging from 192 to 767 Mt year−1. PM2.5 increases tend to be localized and are prevalent in regions that rely heavily on combustion power generation facilities. If you can stop people from catching infections, you can reduce the number of antibiotics being used. By region, the South experiences the largest absolute magnitude of O3‐related health benefits (Figure 4). (2019). Despite some regions experiencing adverse health outcomes, ~$16.8B in damages avoided are predicted. EV adoption under the current (2014) energy generation mix leads to reductions ranging from 242 to 725 Mt year−1 depending on the fraction of EVs that replace ICEs (i.e., e25‐rC vs. e75‐rC). But this belies the fact that individuals do have access to substances in prison, and there are some who return to prison directly after violating terms of their probation or parole. In this study, we show the potential distribution of health consequences from vehicle electrification scenarios in the United States and compare the climate CO2 mitigation outcomes with the health benefits and trade‐offs. Texas, Florida, North Carolina, and Minnesota experience a combined simulated increase of 132 deaths in the e75‐r0 scenario (Figure 4j). EV adoption under the current energy generation mix leads to PM‐related reduced annual mortality that decreases by 437 (95% CI: 295, 578) in e25‐rC to 1,576 (95% CI: 1065, 2086) in e75‐rC and O3‐related annual mortality that decreases by 98 (95% CI: 33, 162) to 420 (95% CI: 139, 698), respectively. By continuing on the site, you consent to store these cookies on your device. (2005) and Jerrett et al. (2006). [Epub ahead of print]. (2009) for O3 and Laden et al. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. When he left the Department of Corrections in 2008, treatment for substance use disorders was largely behavioral, including therapeutic communities and 12-step programs. Two China‐based EV adoption studies found conflicting results—Huo et al.   |     Pharmaceutical companies are constantly researching new vaccines to protect against other infections. methods, as they represent the most conservative damage estimates of the HIFs employed. (2014) found that in the United States, the health outcome of a 10% EV adoption depended heavily on the type of energy used to charge the EVs. These changes are particularly apparent in combustion‐only power generation scenarios (r0). Evidence suggests that quantifying co‐beneficial outcomes in climate change mitigation policy analyses directly addresses concerns of political leaders—primarily that CO2 mitigation is costly and has limited local benefits (Granoff et al., 2016; Nemet et al., 2010).

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