In 2000, Andrés Manuel López Obrador was elected, and he resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 presidential elections; Alejandro Encinas was designated by the Legislative Assembly to finish the term. The Cineteca Nacional (the Mexican Film Library), near the Coyoacán suburb, shows a variety of films, and stages many film festivals, including the annual International Showcase, and many smaller ones ranging from Scandinavian and Uruguayan cinema, to Jewish and LGBT-themed films. [78] The 1967 snowstorm coincided with the operation of Deep Drainage System that resulted in the total draining of what was left of Lake Texcoco. Most international ad firms have offices in the city, including Grey, JWT, Leo Burnett, Euro RSCG, BBDO, Ogilvy, Saatchi & Saatchi, and McCann Erickson. At the beginning of the 20th century, the elites began migrating to the south and west and soon the small towns of Mixcoac and San Ángelwere incorporated by the growing conurbation. Secretaría del Medio Ambiente del Distrito Federal, SMA (2002) Programa para Mejorar la Calidad del Aire de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Gobierno del Distrito Federal", "Normales climatológicas para Mexico-Central-Tacubaya D.F. After the Mexican Revolution, an avant-garde artistic movement originated in Mexico City: muralism. The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac. [106] A 2015 city government report found that two of three women over the age of 15 in the capital suffered some form of violence. [72] At the Tacubaya observatory, the lowest temperature ever registered was −4.4 °C (24 °F) on 13 February 1960, and the highest temperature on record was 33.9 °C (93 °F) on 9 May 1998.[73]. [43] [43] Tenochtitlan was renamed "Mexico" because the Spanish found the word easier to pronounce.[37]. [37][43][50], The Grito de Dolores ("Cry of Dolores"), also known as El Grito de la Independencia ("Cry of Independence"), marked the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence. 12. The area was the destination of the migrations of the Teochichimecas during the 8th and 13th centuries, peoples that would give rise to the Toltec, and Mexica (Aztecs) cultures. Beginning in 2005, the NASCAR Nationwide Series ran the Telcel-Motorola México 200. Thus, it does not belong to México … The viceroy of Mexico or vice-king lived in the viceregal palace on the main square or Zócalo. Drainage was engineered through the use of canals and tunnels starting in the 17th century. Jack Kerouac, the noted American author, spent extended periods of time in the city, and wrote his masterpiece volume of poetry Mexico City Blues here. The craze to build the most opulent residence possible reached its height in the last half of the 18th century. The World Bank has sponsored a project to curb air pollution through public transport improvements and the Mexican government has started shutting down polluting factories. [173] This traffic exceeds the capacity of the airport, which has historically centralized the majority of air traffic in the country. The collection includes pieces by Picasso, Klee, Kandinsky, Warhol and many others, though most of the collection is stored while visiting exhibits are shown. XHTRES 28, [120], Representing around 18.74% of the city's population, indigenous peoples from different areas of Mexico have migrated to the capital in search of better economic opportunities. Heads of government are elected for a six-year period without the possibility of re-election. [36] Cortés and his allies landed their forces in the south of the island and slowly fought their way through the city. [125] Historically since the era of New Spain, many Filipinos settled in the city and have become integrated in Mexican society. Approximately 75% (10 million) of the state of México's population live in municipalities that are part of Greater Mexico City's conurbation. There are an estimated 700,000 US Americans that currently call Mexico City home (and about one million UX immigrants throughout Mexico). The only borough that did not have a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta, which had a "medium" HDI of 0.7984, far below those of all the other boroughs (627th nationally, the rest being in the top 200). There are also growing[citation needed] numbers of irreligious people, whether agnostic or atheist. There are branches of Japanese restaurant Suntory, Italian restaurant Alfredo, as well as New York steakhouses Morton's and The Palm, and Monte Carlo's BeefBar. Many homicides and violent crimes also go unreported for fear of revenge from organized criminals. The government was paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption, forcing ordinary citizens to create and direct their own rescue efforts and to reconstruct much of the housing that was lost as well.[65]. Milpa Alta (pop. Despite its growth, the annual growth rate of the Mexico City metropolitan area is lower than most other urban agglomerations in the country, and the net migration rate in the Federal District was negative from 1995 to 2000. Historically, and since Pre-Columbian times, the Valley of Anahuac has been one of the most densely populated areas in Mexico. Mexico City is considered one of the largest cities in the world and is home to 20% of Mexico's entire population. [86] Despite the cleanup, the metropolitan area is still the most ozone-polluted part of the country, with ozone levels 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits. XEIPN 11, A major labor draft, the desagüe, compelled thousands of Indians over the colonial period to work on infrastructure to prevent flooding. Serving in the Mexican defense were the cadets later immortalized as Los Niños Héroes (the "Boy Heroes"). In 1970, Mexico City was split into four different delegaciones: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, increasing the number of delegaciones to 16. [145] It is heavily subsidized, and has some of the lowest fares in the world, each trip costing 5.00 pesos (roughly US$0.27) from 05:00 am to midnight. It is south of Polanco district, and houses the Chapultepec Zoo the main city's zoo, several ponds and seven museums, including the National Museum of Anthropology. It is said to have the largest private contemporary art collection in Latin America and hosts pieces from its permanent collection as well as traveling exhibits by leading contemporary artists. [62] Air and water pollution has been contained and improved in several areas due to government programs, the renovation of vehicles and the modernization of public transportation. By 2014 carbon monoxide pollution had dropped drastically, while levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were nearly three times lower than in 1992. Mexico City forms the federal district "Distrito Federal". 10. Each icon was developed based on historical (characters, sites, pre-Hispanic motifs), linguistic, symbolic (glyphs) or geographic references. There are some intercity buses that leave directly from the Mexico City International Airport. The metropolitan area, however, is much larger with a population of 21.2 million people, making Mexico City the most populous metropolitan area in the Western Hemisphere. Its important venues in Mexico City include the Azteca Stadium, home to the Mexico national football team and giants América, which can seat 91,653 fans, making it the biggest stadium in Latin America. The current … The first portions were opened in 1969 and it has expanded to 12 lines with 195 stations. The history of the rest of the 20th century to the present focuses on the phenomenal growth of the city and its environmental and political consequences. The above municipalities are located in the state of Mexico but are part of the Greater Mexico City area.

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