57 0 obj Then, in 1971, Shell identified an improvement to the catalyst formulation that helped to boost catalyst selectivity to over 80%. 25 0 obj >> This means that at least one or two new plants will need to be constructed every year if the industry is to meet the forecast demand. >> /Length 6772 62 0 obj 54 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 231 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 182 null] >> 7 0 obj It is the first of a homologous series of three dihydroxy alcohols discussed in this article. The EO–water mixture can be routed to a purification section for recovery of high-purity EO and/or to a reaction section where EO and water are converted into glycols. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 194 null] << The Digital Difference from the Leader in Thermal Mass Flow Measurement, Last year, this column addressed hydrogen’s potential for playing a…, IIoT technologies have enabled software platforms that are more powerful…, Zymergen (Emeryville, Calif.; www.zymergen.com) recently announced $300 million in new…, Ethylene is an important petrochemical, but it may contain traces…, A patented polymer material developed by Kraton Corp. 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Ethylene oxide (EO) and ethylene glycol (EG) are widely used industrial organic intermediates. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 244 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 206 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 307 null] endobj It can be…, This column is based on “Bio-Butanediol Production from Glucose,” a report published by Intratec. << Finally, the water-free glycol mixture is separated by distillation into MEG and the higher glycols. endobj The introduction of high-selectivity >> /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 219 null] >> /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 219 null] 22 0 obj One of the most important measures of an EO catalyst’s performance is its selectivity, which is the ratio of ethylene converted to EO to the total amount of ethylene reacted. >> 44 0 obj >> /Title (A) (HP) catalysts endobj 27 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 231 null] >> << endobj << 73 0 obj Privacy Policy. The EO is first produced by the oxidation of ethylene in the presence of oxygen or air and a silver oxide catalyst. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 219 null] 42 0 obj ��`@�9�����k:�����Ϟa�fq٤���F�q stream 37 0 obj 24 0 obj 38 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 169 null] 14 0 obj 35 0 obj endobj >> << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 359 null] << >> << 30 0 obj >> >> >> •    Glycol purification. In the reaction section, EO is produced by catalysed, direct partial oxidation of ethylene. 15 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 525 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 307 null] endobj endobj In 1986, Shell made a discovery in EO catalyst technology that significantly changed the industry. << Certain articles contain the author's personal recommendations only. Enhancements in Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol manufacturing technology. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 332 null] Although HS catalysts provided great value with this selectivity boost, their activity and stability were lower compared with traditional catalysts, so they had to be changed out more frequently. 83 0 obj 72 0 obj endobj Over time, both process and catalyst improvements extended the life and selectivity of HS catalysts. Ethylene glycol is commonly used as automotive antifreeze and as an ingredient in hydraulic fluids, printing inks, and paint solvents. >> 76 0 obj Comment << << endobj << H��Wٮ��}7p��_��%��Ι'�̵� l9 灖�%�D��k��S�T7I]�����U��~�=��ӛ�X3[>����$��7/b[���q�����U­�J�~�fuzx%q���\G�0y~x�����AFep�¨Z�a�&��:��qh�s�$Xc��F�P��*���W�X:�uQ�&�_���c8�NV�d�Ee�I9h�Aլp�[�`�t���}�#���ǰ��Š���)H�3�)��K�j'��Sh����߇i�5�`d�s���B[��-M���Aڤ�MMie�Rm���-p`�$�W���|2뢀*R��S�����v�#���Pٸ��K9��h�,�p� n_��^���������0-�7�pa/$s�lJ�� ���~y�ca�'ɹSf�a��g�A� �J�Y�A��Qot�-�3�\��Tz�S�~��MoCN�$3�V.w��hK�?����z3-U3���i��N'�>�{ر7�����a*y�Q>�i�AyX����Ik�Хɣ��Տ����Jƀ� �D�"����4j���G:qߛzDa�1a�{�o��rL��I��q��J����=���L����mu���Iܔw�?��r+#�G�-�$7U��e� �U���z�?��DB�o[�� /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 194 null] << << << >> << 48 0 obj However, these benefits came with a compromise: increased capital costs. << © 2020 Access Intelligence, LLC. >> In 1995, their production volumes ranked them among the top twenty organic chemicals in the United States. It can be found at: www.intratec.us/analysis/butanediol-production-cost.…, This column is based on “Ethylene Dichloride from Ethylene and Chlorine,” a report published by Intratec. The proportion of the higher glycols is limited by using excess water to minimise the reaction between the EO and glycols. In the standard thermal glycol reaction process, EO and water are reacted at an elevated temperature (about 200°C) and pressure without catalyst. >> /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 269 null] endobj endobj �-hd�nosz�=�U �� �,�N���%��KV'��o����A�N' ތ`�9%����Y�Up��;#��{ѐ�dIr�w�h��m�B�w_�}�����mJ|�:f/�QBQ4U]�Ć� �H�k��/�gI-�f�������t�z�O�����٣�3�����1��!��)Qj�zU�U�[���/����$.� >> << Fast forward to 2010, when yet another breakthrough in catalyst development provided an opportunity to address these capital costs. endobj Co-produced CO2 and water are removed, and, after the addition of fresh ethylene and oxygen, the gas mixture is returned to the EO reactor as feed. 8 0 obj We review these aspects in this paper, beginning with a look at the innovations and technological achievements that got the industry to where it is today. >> endobj << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null null null] >> endobj << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 206 null] >> << << 58 0 obj endobj endobj endobj >> >> •    CO2 removal /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 385 null] >> 46 0 obj << These materials, in turn, are used to manufacture textiles, soft drink and water bottles, tire cords and more. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null null null] 86 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 458 null] 36 0 obj >> Ethylene glycol used to be manufactured by the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide (EO) which was produced via ethylene chlorohydrin but this method has been superseded by a direct oxidation route. 82 0 obj %PDF-1.2 << It can be found…, This column is based on “Titanium Dioxide Production Process – Cost Analysis,” a report published by Intratec. >> This means that at least one or two new plants will need to be constructed every year if the industry is to meet the forecast demand. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 169 null] >> endobj endobj >> >> As the size of the new world-scale EO production plants increased, the associated reactors became a significant capital (equipment) cost. 50 0 obj << endobj >> RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION SUPPLIED IN THIS PUBLICATION IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK. To unlock capacity increases economically, new capital-efficient processes, higher-performance catalysts and continuous process optimisation will be paramount. This discovery led to new technologies that significantly inhibit catalyst aging and resulted in the HP catalyst family. endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 206 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 269 null] >> The average price in the recent 7 years is 8157.4 Yuan/ton. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 256 null] endobj Most notably, the new designs were based on lower volumetric production rates (referred to as the catalyst work rate) and lower reactor inlet carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. EO is recovered from the reactor product gas by absorption in water. endobj 74 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 136 null] Due to serious shortage, ethylene glycol always keeps at high prices in China. endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 685 null] 53 0 obj Larger reactors were necessary to compensate for the lower catalyst work rate and larger CO2 removal units were installed to achieve low inlet CO2 concentrations, both of which resulted in increased capital requirements. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 375 null] •    Light ends (LE) removal with optional EO purification >> << According to recent reports, it is predicted that ethylene glycol will become one of the star products that lead the development of global chemical industry. endobj << All Rights Reserved. /Filter /FlateDecode >> 65 0 obj 11 0 obj 28 0 obj >> << endobj << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 482 null] endobj 26 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 182 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 281 null] Decrease SizeIncrease Size 61 0 obj >> >> endobj >> endobj %���� Monoethylene glycol (MEG) accounts for more than 90% of the market for EG. endobj 6 0 obj The name ethylene glycol refers literally to “the glycol made from ethylene.” Its systematic name is ethane-1,2-diol. endobj (Jimmy) Wells, CRI Catalyst Company. A more modern technology is to react EO with CO2 to form ethylene carbonate (EC) and subsequently react the EC with water to form MEG, both reactions being catalysed. endobj >> •    EO recovery << It is also used as a… << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 332 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 281 null] This publication contains text, graphics, images, and other content (collectively "Content"), which are for informational purposes only. >> >> •    EO reaction endobj endobj endobj 78 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 256 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 206 null] Diethylene On the catalyst side, incremental advances in HS catalyst development led to initial selectivities of 90% or more, and greater stability. << << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 319 null] In the early days of EO production, the typical start-of-cycle selectivity for EO catalysts ranged from 68 to 70%, i.e., 30% or more of the ethylene feed to the process was lost to the complete combustion side reaction.

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